The same thing happened to us with the former Yugoslavia as is happening . In a similar way, Croat forces were backed by volunteers and arms from Croatia. Serbs in Bosnia declared war on the Croats and Muslims. It always meant the same thing, a destroyed mosque. But wait, isn't this a lesson on the Bosnians? There were three . Specifically, violence erupted in 1992 after Bosnia split from the Yugoslavia Republic because the leader, Joseph Tito, had recently died, and political instability was ensuing. Albanians also opposed the government of Yugoslavia, which was made up of modern day Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina . At the same time, as freedom increased, nationalist sentiments were voiced more openly. Perhaps I always avoided the big decisions and, instead, tried to simplify matters. 5 What do the soldiers of Bosnia and Herzegovina wear? Subsequent studies, however, concluded that the death toll was actually about 100,000. Earlier this year, the U.N. ordered Bosnia to compensate a Bosnian Muslim woman raped by a Bosnian Serb soldier during the war and to set up a nationwide war crimes reparation scheme. This will be 'Greater Serbia'. Broadly accepted independent estimates today put the death toll at about 100,000. Was this a song that would be repeated in the decades to come? Slobodan Miloevi represented the Bosnian Serbs. The feature of the Croatian and Bosnian wars that has caught the world's attention has been the Serbian expulsion of Croats, Muslims and smaller nationalities from their native areas in an effort to make the regions purely Serbian. The Bosnian War was fought in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992 and 1995. The journalists left for newer conflicts around the world. . Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Bosnian conflict: destruction in Sarajevo. Following the election, the nationalist parties formed a government based on ethnic power-sharing. Of course it would ultimately end on a more anti-climactic day, in July 2008, when he was finally picked up on a decrepit city bus in the faceless outskirts of Belgrade. While conflict consumed Croatia and Serbia, the Bosnians sought to remain neutral. The British government drew up plans for its soldiers to abandon a besieged Muslim enclave at the height of the Bosnian war in July 1995 despite being aware of mass killings being carried out by . The detention camps where Serbs are holding large numbers of Muslim prisoners are not, however, places of extermination in the Nazi sense. Who were the bad guys in Bosnia? This lesson looked at the evolution of Bosnia from a neutral bystander to independent state during the Yugoslav Wars. The Kosovo War was waged in the Serbian province of Kosovo from 1998 to 1999. Who were the bad guys in the Bosnian war? As violence erupted in Croatia and Slovenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina was suspiciously quiet. Known as the Dayton Accords, the resulting treaty guaranteed the right of Bosnia to exist, but provided for significant rights for non-Bosniaks in Bosnia, especially the Serbs and Croats. But later in 1994, Bosnian Croats and Bosniaks agreed to form a joint federation. Also of note has been the efforts to prosecute those who committed war crimes, and not just those of a given side. In the crosshairs of the enemy and an assassin, the spoiled pilot runs for his life as his commanding officer risks all to save him. Bosnia and Herzegovina was particularly affected by the abolition of many traditional Muslim institutions, such as Qurnic primary schools, rich charitable foundations, and Dervish religious orders. After this lesson is finished you should be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. George Bancroft & 19th Century Historiography in the U.S. Dunning School's Approach to the U.S. Civil War & the Lost Cause, Historical Application: The Civil War & 19th Century Historiography, The Annales School's Impact on French Historiography, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Describe Yugoslavia's attitude towards Bosnia, Explain how the Bosnian War escalated and ended, Recall some of the attrocities that took place during the war, Discuss some of the outcomes and impacts of the Bosnian War. The official beginning of the war was April 6, 1992, although violence had already erupted before then. The military of the Republic of Serbia did not directly participate but backed Republika Srpska with money, equipment, and volunteers. Tito tried to create a common Yugoslav identity based on adherence to the Communist ideology. The Bosnian train and Equip Program 1 45 M60A3 tanks, 80 M113-A2 armored personnel carriers, 240 heavy trucks 2 15 UH-1H helicopters 3 116 155mm field howitzers and 840 AT4 light antitank weapons 4 1,000 M60 machine guns and 46,100 M16 rifles 5 JANUS and BBS Command and Staff simulation software 6 2,342 radios, 4,100 tactical telephones, binoculars. Our city was blockaded by the army; and for one year, life in the city turned . The Bosnian War began in 1992 and lasted until 1995, though the cause of the Bosnian War has roots in World War II and its impact is still being felt in 2017. . However, later that year, a peaceful solution was finally reached in Dayton, Ohio. Most of the ethnic cleansing victims were Bosniaks. Within six weeks a coordinated offensive by the Yugoslav army, paramilitary groups, and local Bosnian Serb forces brought roughly two-thirds of Bosnian territory under Serb control. Gravestones at the Potoari genocide memorial near Srebrenica. Meanwhile, Europe's two most-wanted men indicted Bosnian Serb war criminals Radovan Karadzic and Ratko Mladic have for the last 10 years freely roamed impoverished Bosnia-Herzegovina and Serbia-Montenegro with U.S. bounties of $5 million on their heads. Bosnian Serbs, a major ethnic group of the country . To mark the 25th anniversary of the end of the conflict, Meduza shares photographs from the three-and-a-half years of fighting. How could the history of the war be told without the contribution of one of its major figures? The gravest crime was the genocide of eight thousand Bosniaks committed by the Serbs at Srebrenica. During April many of the towns in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina with large Bosniak populations, such as Zvornik, Foa, and Viegrad, were attacked by a combination of paramilitary forces and Yugoslav army units. For the time being, the multi-ethnic Bosnia and Herzegovina remained peaceful. Of a population of around four million people in 1992, two million were made refugees. A woman between gravestones at the Memorial Center in Potocari near Srebrenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina, on Friday. However, Bosnia has been inhabited by three nationalities with conflicting ends. What kind of weapons does the Bosnian Army have? Create your account. . Here's the awful story of the worst European massacre since World War II. ESTIMATES vary of the death toll in 13 months of civil war in what was Yugoslavia, but it certainly runs into many thousands, making the conflict the most violent in Europe since the Second World War. Following the end of communism in the multi-ethnic Yugoslavia, its constituent republics demanded independence. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Omissions? NATO countries intervened to stop the war on humanitarian grounds. Osmanagich "discovered" the hills in 2005 and claims they were built by humans 29,000 years ago. In fact, the Croatians went as far as to say that Bosnia was an invention of the Ottoman state, since the land had long been Croatian. When Bosnia and Herzegovinas independence was recognized by the United States and the EC on April 7, Bosnian Serb paramilitary forces immediately began firing on Sarajevo, and the artillery bombardment of the city by Bosnian Serb units of the Yugoslav army began soon thereafter. At the time, the Bosniak-dominated Party of Democratic Action obtained 32% of the vote, Serb Democratic Party 26%, Croatian Democratic Union 16%, and the multi-ethnic Communists 12%. After WW2, Bosnia became a constituent republic (state) of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia led by Josip Broz Tito, an ethnic Croat. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. With competing truths, interpretations and justifications, this was an incredibly complicated environment to understand and report objectively. "It is not a Western (movie) but an ethnically colored civil war with no right, no wrong, no angels, no devils," Interfax . Sovereignty Concept & Kinds | What is Sovereignty? Bosnian Serb forces laid siege to Sarajevo in the early 1990s. The events in Srebrenica in 1995 included the killing of more than 8,000 Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) men and boys, as well as the mass . Most famously, the leader of Serbia, Slobodan Miloevi?, was on trial for war crimes until his death from a heart attack while in jail. Just as the Serbs have declared an 'Independent Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina', so the Croats have proclaimed an autonomous region of Herzeg-Bosnia with Mostar as its capital. The Bosnian seat of government in the capital, Sarajevo, was . Also, ethnic cleansing led to permanent changes in the demographic composition of the Bosnian regions, with Serbs benefitting the most. Widespread ethnic violence engulfed Bosnia during WW2 (an uncommon occurrence) when the territory was annexed by the Independent State of Croatia, a puppet state of Nazi Germany. The latter solution would entail splitting Bosnia along ethnic lines. From the summer of 1992, the military situation remained fairly static. Kosovo Genocide Conflicts & War Crimes | What Caused the Kosovo Genocide? Simultaneously, Bosniak and Croat forces pursued a ground offensive and took control over a large area in Western Bosnia. On December 14, 1995, the Dayton Accords were signed in Paris, officially ending the Bosnian War the bloodiest interethnic conflict in Europe since World War II, which saw about 100,000 people killed between 1992 and 1995. In 2015 he graduated with a PhD in Political Science from the University of Florida. He also allowed Yugoslavia's nationalities a large degree of cultural autonomy. For their part, the Croats viewed the Serbian minority as a group that had enjoyed special privileges under Communism. The War in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The war finally ended when NATO intervened and the Dayton Peace Agreement was drawn up, splitting up the land in to two separate entities; the Republica Srpska - mainly populated by Serbs, and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina . Acknowledging Serb deceptions without calling them such, he said there were no "good guys or bad guys" in Bosnia. Independent political parties appeared by 1989. The people of Bosnia were utterly divided in their views of the historical legacy of Karadzic. This forced the Serbs to the negotiating table. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Nor were the Bosniaks religious extremists . What was the Bosnian War about? He quoted his poems on the hills above as Sarajevo burned and snipers blew out the brains of children in the streets below. "Bosnia's war had its visual hallmarks. Neither Tudman nor Milosevic confirmed that such an agreement existed and it was not implemented due to the outbreak of the Croatian War for Independence in June 1991. I had been in Bosnia for the BBC less than a month when I saw the teenage boy at the tombstone. Both have also claimed Bosnia-Herzegovina as part of their own historic territory. In addition, between 12-50k women, mostly Bosniaks, were raped. Many Muslims accused the Serbs of following in the tradition of the Chetnik royalist and nationalist militias of the early 20th century in trying to create a Greater Serbia at the expense of other ethnic groups in the former Yugoslavia. The Bosnian War (Serbo-Croatian: Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini / ) was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992 and 1995. But over time the Dayton agreement has . I attended a ceremony to mark the 200th anniversary of the first Serbian uprising against the Turks in 1804, a conflict that lasted almost a decade. Ten thousand of its citizens were killed. Of a population of around four million people in 1992, two million were made refugees. The boy was just one of the thousands who had come to the new memorial cemetery at Srebrenica. Yugoslavia was a socialist one-party state. At one point in August 2004 I witnessed the creation of legend and myth. 8 chapters | . Additionally, the treatment of Muslims by Catholics and Orthodox Christians has been used as a rallying cry by some Islamic fundamentalists, including Al-Qaeda. I began to look into why he had managed to evade capture despite the hand-wringing promises of international politicians and generals that they were doing everything we can to track him down. Bosnian Genocide Timeline & Facts | What was the Bosnian Genocide? This conflict has been described as the first to occur in Europe since the Second World War, forgetting that 22 years ago the wars that dismembered the former Yugoslavia ended, a conflict that, like the one in Ukraine, was widely covered by the media. Two Croatian Defense Council (HVO) Army T-55 Main Battle Tanks pull into firing position during a three day exercise held at the Barbara Range in Glamoc, Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the end of January 1992, Serbian deputies withdrew from the Bosnian national legislature and declared a secessionist Republic of Srpska, which controlled ethnically Serb areas. Want to bookmark your favourite articles and stories to read or reference later? The Bosnian War was characterized by widespread war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and an instance of genocide at Srebrenica. Yet, tensions quickly arose with Bosniaks favoring independence while Serbs insisted that the union with Serb-dominated Yugoslavia must be preserved. The Bosnian War was one of the most destructive of the late 20th century. Who were the bad guys in the Bosnian war? Answer (1 of 2): All 3 sides, but besides me saying this publicly, not many of my countryman and country women will admitt the truth, simply because someone has to be a bad guy and responsible for what have happened to my beautiful Yugoslavia! In early 1990, multiparty elections were held in Slovenia and Croatia. ). What do the soldiers of Bosnia and Herzegovina wear? Yet, after Tito died in 1980, nationalist and separatist sentiments awoke in Yugoslavia. About 8% of Bosnia's population was killed during the war. The Bosniak-dominated Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina was in the worst position. In the following months, the situation in Bosnia became increasingly tense. On 21 November 1995, a peace agreement was signed at Dayton (United States) and the Bosnian War came to an end. The Bosnian War was one of the most destructive of the late 20th century. The power of history or family or community folklore is overwhelming. At the time Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina were both fighting wars of . Karadzics daughter, Sonja, also lives in Pale, where the Bosnian Serbs had their capital during the war. In the war . For instance, extremist Serbs saw the Muslims as the simple inheritors of the Ottomans, trying to create an Islamic Republic in the heart of the Balkans. It dramatizes the events of July 1995 in the town of Srebrenica, where more than 8,000 Bosniak Muslims, most of them men and boys, were murdered by the Bosnian Serb Army. Out of the pre-war population of 4.4. million people, 2.2 million were displaced. From 1941-1945 more than a million Yugoslavs died, more than half at the hands of each other. Tito rebuilt Yugoslavia as a Communist federation of six equal republics, but ethnic antagonisms were never far below the surface. This was the Bosnia War in 1992. 6 What kind of weapons did the former Yugoslavia use? Meanwhile, Izetbegovic was basing his negotiating position on "the popular image of the Bosnian Serbs as the bad guys." Validating this illusion had a concomitant benefit - namely, precipitating NATO airstrikes on Serb areas. Although the primary line of conflict was between Serbs and Bosniaks, in 1993 there was also heavy fighting between Croat and Bosniak forces, primarily over the city of Mostar. An estimated 12,000-20,000 women were raped, mostly Bosniak women. Many of the victims and neutral observers had actually given up hope that he would ever be caught. Evidence emerged that the Yugoslav Peoples Army was being used to send secret arms deliveries to the Bosnian Serbs from Belgrade (Serbia). Following the meeting, which had no direct witnesses, speculations erupted that both leaders agreed to divide Bosnia along ethnic lines, leaving a rump remnant for Bosniak Muslims. Muslim Bosniaks feared marginalization in the Serb-dominated rump Yugoslavia and wanted Bosnia to become independent as a unitary multi-ethnic state. Whenever I used to question Serbs about their views of the Srebrenica massacre, I was immediately asked for my views on the concentration camp of Jasenovac (south-east of Zagreb), where thousands of Serbs, Jews, Roma and others were murdered by the Croatian Ustasha during the Second World War. SARAJEVO, Bosnia-Herzegovina (CNN) -- The outbreak of war seemed like a joke to Jasmina, then just 19 years old. He was screaming the name of the person he blamed for the murder of his relatives: Karadzic, the former Bosnian Serb president and the man at the top of the UN War Crimes Tribunals most wanted list. He was president of the self-proclaimed Republika Srpska, the Serbian territory carved out of Bosnia, and Supreme Commander of the Bosnian Serb military. Copyright 2023 History Today Ltd. Company no. Croats wanted significant autonomy for their majority areas or their secession to Croatia. The Serbs who are fighting are the BOSNIAN Serbs, Serbs who have been there from time immemorial, from a time when Bosnian Muslims were Bosnian Serbs. Growing tensions both inside and outside Bosnia and Herzegovina, however, made cooperation with the Serb Democratic Party, led by Radovan Karadi, increasingly difficult. Bosniaks could not count on the support of a nearby independent state. Croatia has vowed to recapture these regions, by force if necessary. None could understand why he had not been arrested. Recent estimates say that around 100,000 people were killed in the war and 2.2 million were displaced. In the main bar, as the beer flowed, a band was singing songs praising the heroic deeds of the former president, delighting in the fact that he was still free, that no one could find him, that he represented the best of the Serbs. Serbian Pres. Bosnia 's bitter, flawed peace deal , 20 years on. The Croats were labelled the Ustasha, the name given to members of the Croatian Revolutionary Movement. Between 1992 - 1995 the war in Bosnia claimed over 100,000 lives, the majority being Bosnian Muslims. succeed. The Croats spent centuries under the Austro-Hungarian empire and their Catholicism and Central European outlook were equally important in shaping their identity. I feel like its a lifeline. For Karadzic and for many others, of all ethnicities, it was not just a war about now, it was a war about how the past should be interpreted. The established mythos of the Bosnian War is that Serb separatists, encouraged and directed by Slobodan Miloevi and his acolytes in Belgrade, sought to forcibly seize Croat and Bosniak territory in . Bosnia was a reminder of a time when the Ottoman Turks ruled the Balkans, and neither the Serbs nor the Croats felt that such a reminder should remain. NATO enforced a no-fly zone in Bosnia after April 1993, which somewhat decreased the war's intensity. Although the Bosniak goal of independent Bosnia was accomplished, the Serbs preserved most of their territorial gains and self-rule in Republika Srpska. Truth had to be established and responsibility apportioned. Both Serbs and Croats have claimed that Muslims are not a genuine nationality but are 'really' Serbs or Croats beneath their religion. During the next 20 years the Serb and Croat populations fell in absolute terms as many Serbs and Croats emigrated. Karadzic was gaining an almost mythical status as a sort of Serbian equivalent of Bonnie Prince Charlie, flitting from one hiding place to the next, his pursuers always one step behind. This state slaughtered hundreds of thousands of Serbs and Jews. Everyone wanted to know where the bouffant-haired, former psychiatrist, the poet-turned-warlord, was hiding. The war came as part of the dissolution of Yugoslavia. If anything was likely to lift the lid on dormant Serbian nationalism, this was it. The bumper-sticker mentality looks for good guys and bad guys. The immediate origins of the war lie in the collapse of the post-1945 Communist order and subsequent clashes between a variety of militant nationalisms. The Bosnian War ended after a final cease-fire was negotiated at Dayton, Ohio, U.S. But I also don't apologize for any atrocity committed by Croat or Bosniak forces either. Learn about the Bosnian war, ethnic conflict during the Bosnian Civil War, and the legacy of the Serbian-Bosnian War. Serbia, on the other hand, was Orthodox and, therefore, loyal to the Russians. This policy of 'ethnic cleansing' is responsible for the huge wave of Muslim refugees flooding into many European countries. In the three and a half years of conflict, more than 100,000 were killed. In May the army units and equipment in Bosnia and Herzegovina were placed under the command of a Bosnian Serb general, Ratko Mladi. How to Market Your Business with Webinars? It convicted numerous politicians and soldiers for genocide and other crimes, most notably the wartime leaders of Republika Srpska, Radovan Karadzic and Ratko Mladic. All around were the physical and human results of the conflict. In the 1980s the rapid decline of the Yugoslav economy led to widespread public dissatisfaction with the political system. When more than 120,000 Bosnian refugees began applying for American visas in the mid-1990s, they were required to disclose military service or other allegiances that might have suggested . lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. The communities lived in relative harmony. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In the 6th and 7th centuries, the region became inhabited by Slavic tribes. The main actors were Bosnian and Herzegovinian forces, the Bosnian Serbs, and Bosnian Croats, the Republika Srpska, and the Herzeg-Bosnia. Within six weeks a coordinated offensive by the Yugoslav army, paramilitary groups, and local Bosnian Serb forces brought roughly two-thirds of Bosnian territory under Serb control. Breakup of Yugoslavia History & Groups | Why Did Yugoslavia Break Up? Moreover, Bosnia has not achieved full sovereignty. 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Bosnian Serbs attacked Sarajevo mostly because it was the largest city of Bosnia, its capital, and it was controlled by the enemy Bosniak forces. Even optimists knew it couldn't last. The organization later extended its role to the protection of a number of UN-declared safe areas. However, the UN failed to protect the safe area of Srebrenica in July 1995, when Bosnian Serb forces perpetrated the massacre of more than 7,000 Bosniak men (see Srebrenica massacre). There is simple right and wrong. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. Absolutely. Although the Serb-led Yugoslav army tried briefly to prevent Slovenian independence, the Serbs' main concern was Croatia. In 1878-1918, Bosnia and Herzegovina were under Austrian rule, and in 1919 it became a part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Offering a mixture of fascism, extreme nationalism and hard-line Roman Catholicism, they had ruled a part of Yugoslavia occupied by Axis forces labelled the Independent State of Croatia (and emphatically not independent). But one of the few issues that seemed to retain the interest of editors was the strange case of Dr Karadzic. The agreement was formally signed in December 1995. As I searched for Karadzic, I became absorbed in the politics and history of the region. Similarly, in what is now the Federation, the share of Serbs diminished from 17% to 3%. Join thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies. At the same time, Serbian and Croatian troops took positions within Bosnia. In the countryside, the Serbians committed many atrocities in an attempt to regulate the ethnicity of a given area, known as ethnic cleansing. In the 1990 republican (state) elections, nationalist parties won in Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, and Macedonia. After the war, he had become a symbol of resistance against the perfidious West, as many Serbs saw it. The worst and most enduring crimes pinned on the former army chief and his men were an unrelenting three-year siege of Sarajevo that claimed more than 10,000 lives, and the massacre at Srebrenica . The worst of these happened in 1995, at the town of Srebrenica, where more than 8,000 Bosnian men were murdered by Serbian groups. The war was fought over irreconcilable demands of the opposing sides, which had already been formulated before its outbreak. Major Events in World History Study Guide, SAT Subject Test US History: Practice and Study Guide, High School World History: Homework Help Resource, Middle School US History: Help and Review, Western Civilization 1648 to the Present: Help and Review, Western Civilization Since 1648: Homework Help Resource, Post-Civil War U.S. History: Help and Review, American History Since 1865: Tutoring Solution, Post-Civil War American History: Homework Help, DSST The Civil War & Reconstruction: Study Guide & Test Prep, The Civil War and Reconstruction: Certificate Program, The Civil War and Reconstruction: Help and Review, Create an account to start this course today. After Slovenia and Croatia seceded from the . To prevent civil war, in March 1992 the European Community proposed a peace plan that would divide Bosnia into ethnically-defined autonomous cantons. As one diplomat once said to me: What is more in Britains interests, to track down someone who is on the run, in hiding and has been for years and is of no threat whatsoever to Britain, or search for someone who may be planning suicide attacks on the London Underground? There was only one answer, although Britain was one of those countries that did devote significant resources to the hunt for Karadzic. The Bosnia Crisis: Serbs, Croats and Muslims: who hates who and why: Extra 20% off selected fashion and sportswear at Very, Up to 20% off and extra perks with Booking.com Genius membership, $6 off a $50+ order with this AliExpress discount code, 15% off orders over 15 with this eBay discount code, Compare broadband packages side by side to find the best deal for you, Compare cheap broadband deals from providers with fastest speed in your area, All you need to know about fibre broadband, Best Apple iPhone Deals in the UK February 2023, Compare iPhone contract deals and get the best offer this February, Compare the best mobile phone deals from the top networks and brands. Cambodian Genocide History & Facts | What Caused the Cambodian Genocide? Cold War Dates, Causes & Events | What was the Cold War? Understand what the Bosnian war was about. His research interest include immigrant integration and democratization. I refused to buy into extreme nationalism, or to rais. Karadzic was one of those who opened the Pandoras box of Yugoslav history, reintroducing the ghosts and crimes of the past and turning them into the fears of the present. A two-day celebration culminated in the unveiling of a four-metre high bronze statue of the leader of the uprising, Karadjordje Petrovic. Bosnian War, ethnically rooted war (199295) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a former republic of Yugoslavia with a multiethnic population comprising Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims), Serbs, and Croats. In terms of ethnicity, 61% of victims were Bosniaks, 25% Serbs, and 8% Croats. The Bosnian War was an armed conflict that took place between 1992 and 1995 in Bosnia and Herzegovina. | Examples of Ethnonationalism, The Origin of Conflict Between Muslims & Hindus, World War II Summary & Timeline | Chronology of WWII. Since the start of the war, the Serbs had laid siege to Sarajevo (the capital) and frequently shelled both military and civilian targets. 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