Yet the interest involved is not wholly our own. On March 4, 1861, Lincoln spoke to a crowd gathered on the steps of the U.S. Capitol after being sworn in as President. 'Four score and seven years ago. As you know, Lincoln's first inaugural address did not stop the Civil War from breaking out and dividing the rest of the country between the North and South. He made it clear that he did not approve of its practice and denounced slavery as one of the 'offenses' of God, who 'wills to remove' it from America. The Aboriginal inhabitants of these countries I have regarded with the commiseration their history inspires. In 1862, he added emancipation, finding it a military necessity. Our confederate strength will be too great to tempt aggression; and never was there a people whose interests and principles committed them so fully to a peaceful policy as those of the Confederate States. Phone: (713) 348-2586 The abolitionist orator/editor (and former slave) had met Lincoln only twice before, and for most of the war was a fierce critic of the president's policies. Box 1892 Houston, Texas 77251-1892 Phone and Fax Numbers Phone: (713) 348-2586 Fax: (713) 348-6172 Email Address E-mail: Abraham Lincoln was reelected to a second term as President of the United States in 1865. Upon the first call the men flew to arms, and wifes and mothers send their husbands and sons to battle without a murmur of regret. the larger our association, the less will it be shaken by local passions. Jack Shorter, an enslaved stable hand at the Presidents House, may have been the groom. When the independence of the Confederate States is recognized by the nations of the earth, and we are free to follow our interests and inclinations by cultivating foreign trade, the Southern States will offer to manufacturing nations the most favorable markets which ever invited their commerce. On the other side of the political aisle, the. When a long course of class legislation, directed not to the general welfare, but to the aggrandizement of the Northern section of the Union, culminated in a warfare on the domestic institutions of the Southern States--when the dogmas of a sectional party, substituted for the provisions of the constitutional compact, threatened to destroy the sovereign rights of the States, six of those States, withdrawing from the Union, confederated together to exercise the right and perform the duty of instituting a Government which would better secure the liberties for the preservation of which that Union was established. By the character of their productions they are too deeply interested in foreign commerce wantonly to disturb it. Second Inaugural Address of Jefferson Davis February 22, 1862 Fellow-Citizens: On this the birthday of the man most identified with the establishment of American independence, and beneath the monument erected to commemorate his heroic virtues and those of his compatriots, we have assembled to usher into existence the Permanent Government of the Confederate States. The president, who affects great plainness of dress and manners, was dressed all in black, including silk stockings, and was attended by his secretary and groom. The secretary was Isaac A. Coles, the young Virginian from Albemarle County who, since December, had been filling in for William A. Burwell as Jeffersons private secretary. In this speech, he hoped to inspire the audience to not let the work of these soldiers go unfinished, but to have 'increased devotion to the great task remaining before us,' the task of bringing the union back together. Lincoln-Douglas Debates History & Significance | What Was the Lincoln-Douglas Debate? First Inaugural Address Washington, DC. 1862 (and Washington's birthday), Davis gave a second inaugural address, after winning an election under . It is cultivating feelings of patriotism, virtue, and courage. At the darkest hour of our struggle the Provisional gives place to the Permanent Government. . Sheridan had turned from acting to a career of public lectures and writing in 1756, becoming a key driver of an elocutionary movement that centered performance at the heart of all public speaking. I know that the acquisition of Louisiana has been disapproved by some, from a candid apprehension that the enlargement of our territory would endanger its union. In this lesson, we will briefly examine how Jefferson Davis expressed his views on liberty, equality, union, and government in his first inaugural address. the United States, and research and development projects to bring historical records to the Create your account, 26 chapters | ], Second Inaugural Address, [before 4 Mch. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher, except for reading and browsing via the World Wide Web. Lincoln still passionately believed that the union was worth fighting for and assured Americans that the soldiers who died at the Battle of Gettysburg 'shall not have died in vain.' But now he shifted his focus from preserving the union to restoring it. 21 st Century 2000 - Thomas Jefferson Second Inaugural Address Second Inaugural Address March 4, 1805 It is a satisfaction that we have maintained the war by our unaided exertions. Three weeks later, Abraham Lincoln did likewise, with different results. Sometime between that date and 4 Mch. The first year in our history has been the most eventful in the annals of this continent. Three weeks later, Abraham Lincoln did likewise, to much different results. Here are some of the main points from his address: Unity: Jefferson emphasized the importance of unity and national harmony, stating that "every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle." Jefferson had apparently owned a copy of Sheridans 1762, While Sheridan outlined the necessity of pauses in the earlier work, he detailed the mark-up system in his 1775. these persons inculcate a sanctimonious reverence for the customs of their ancestors; that whatsoever they did must be done through all time; that reason is a false guide, and to advance under its counsel in their physical, moral or political condition is perilous innovation: that their duty is to remain as their creator made them, ignorance being safety, and knolege full of danger. Proceeding, fellow citizens, to that qualification which the constitution requires before my entrance on the charge again conferred on me, it is my duty to express the deep sense I entertain of this new proof of confidence from my fellow citizens at large, and the zeal with which it inspires me so to conduct myself as may best satisfy their just expectations. For example, the Confederacy had an executive branch modeled on the U.S.'s, which was in charge of a postal service, making foreign trades, and overseeing the military. With confidence in the wisdom and virtue of those who will share with me the responsibility and aid me in the conduct of public affairs; securely relying on the patriotism and courage of the people, of which the present war has furnished so many examples, I deeply feel the weight of the responsibilities I now, with unaffected diffidence, am about to assume; and, fully realizing the inequality of human power to guide and to sustain, my hope is reverently fixed on Him whose favor is ever vouchsafed to the cause which is just. 'The union of these states is perpetual,' or permanent, he declared. Virginia Capitol, Richmond, February 22, 1862. and in any view, is it not better that the opposite bank of the Missisipi should be settled by our own brethren & children than by strangers of another family? The recollections of this great contest, with all its common traditions of glory, of sacrifice and blood, will be the bond of harmony and enduring affection amongst the people, producing unity in policy, fraternity in sentiment, and just effort in war. In his Second Inaugural Address, President Abraham Lincoln addressed the topic of the Civil War and argued that the nation needed to change. Tuesday, January 20, 1953. . But the picture has its lights as well as its shadows. But he praised Lincoln's four-paragraph speech as sounding "more like a sermon . and when the constitution called them to the decision by suffrage, they pronounced their verdict, honorable to those who had served them, and consolatory to the friend of man, who believes that he may be trusted with the controul of his own affairs. They believed that to remain longer in the Union would subject them to a continuance of a disparaging discrimination, submission to which would be inconsistent with their welfare, and intolerable to a proud people. The great principles upon which we have been willing to hazard everything that is dear to man have made conquests for us which could never have been achieved by the sword. Cotton, sugar, rice, tobacco, provisions, timber, and naval stores will furnish attractive exchanges. with those too, not yet rallied to the same point, the disposition to do so is gaining strength. P.O. To show ourselves worthy of the inheritance bequeathed to us by the patriots of the Revolution, we must emulate that heroic devotion which made reverse to them but the crucible in which their patriotism was refined. Jeffersons use of it signals that in, Jefferson also struggled and held firm to another of the topics first marked for discussion, the licentiousness of the press. Nothing could be so bad as failure, and any sacrifice would be cheap as the price of success in such a contest. Our Confederacy has grown from six to thirteen States; and Maryland, already united to us by hallowed memories and material interests, will, I believe, when able to speak with unstifled voice, connect her destiny with the South. The day, the memory, and the purpose seem fitly associated. Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis both believed in securing rights and freedoms for their people. A million of men, it is estimated, are now standing in hostile array, and waging war along a frontier of thousands of miles. Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251-1892 |, 713-348-0000 | Privacy Policy | Web Accessibility | Campus Carry, Volume 10 (October 1863-August 1864) Index, Volume 11 (September 1864-May 1865) Index. The optimism which some had had at the beginning of the war had faded away. Fellow-Citizens: On this the birthday of the man most identified with the establishment of American independence, and beneath the monument erected to commemorate his heroic virtues and those of his compatriots, we have assembled to usher into existence the Permanent Government of the Confederate States. Fellow-citizens, after the struggle of ages had consecrated the right of the Englishman to constitutional representative government, our colonial ancestors were forced to vindicate that birthright by an appeal to arms. This great strife has awakened in the people the highest emotions and qualities of the human soul. By 17 Apr., shortly after the address had reached the frontier of the United States in Louisiana, the London. Therefore we are in arms to renew such sacrifices as our fathers made to the holy cause of constitutional liberty. William Plumer accused Jefferson of hypocrisy: his Conscience tells him he has on every occasion acted up to the declaration contained in his former inaugural speech. preserve, publish, and encourage the use of documentary sources, relating to the history of The experiment instituted by our revolutionary fathers, of a voluntary Union of sovereign States for purposes specified in a solemn compact, had been perverted by those who, feeling power and forgetting right, were determined to respect no law but their own will. The recollections of this great contest, with all its common traditions of glory, of sacrifice and blood, will be the bond of harmony and enduring affection amongst the people, producing unity in policy, fraternity in sentiment, and just effort in war. these covering our land with officers, & opening our doors to their intrusions, had already begun that process of domiciliary vexation, which, once entered, is scarcely to be restrained from reaching successively every article of property & produce. Houston, Texas 77251-1892, Phone and Fax Numbers The rule of voluntary association, which cannot fail to be conservative, by securing just and impartial government at home, does not diminish the security of the obligations by which the Confederate States may be bound to foreign nations. In that address he explicitly condemned political intolerancedeclared all were federalists, all were republicansYet in a few days after that, he removed many deserving men from office, because they were federalists. He also criticized Jefferson as imprudent for explicitly censuring & condemning former Administrations & lavishing encomiums on himself for effecting a discontinuance of the Internal Revenues, and for his expansive complaints about abuse by the press: One would have thought that Mr. Jefferson after having hired such infamous wretches as Freneau, Bache, Duane, Callender, Payne & others, to defame villify & calumniate, Washington, Adams, & their associateshe would not have complained of news paper publications! But even Plumer admitted that Jefferson has his talents& those of the popular kind, since it was an important practice for him to never pursue a measure if it becomes unpopular (Brown, John Tyler expressed the opposite view in a letter to Jefferson, writing that without flattery, the address adds a Lustre to the whole of your Life if any thing coud be necessary to highten your public Character. He anticipated that any who continued to oppose Jeffersons administration must see the soundness of the reasoning, and the temper and philanthropy with which it is expressd, and it would have the happyest effect on every person not so vicious as to persist in Spite of Light and truth in a perverse Opinion. Jefferson replied with appreciation, reiterating to Tyler that performance was the proper office of the second inaugural, in contrast to profession and promise in the first. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Well, Lincoln's second inaugural address was similar in tone to his first. The great principles upon which we have been willing to hazard everything that is dear to man have made conquests for us which could never have been achieved by the sword. Davis was inaugurated and hoped that his role would only be temporary until the permanent government was established. I shall need too the favour of that being in whose hands we are: who led our fathers, as Israel of old, from their native land; and planted them in a country flowing with all the necessaries & comforts of life; who has covered our infancy with his providence, & our riper years with his wisdom & power: & to whose goodness I ask you to join in supplications with me, that he will so enlighten the minds of your servants, guide their councils, & prosper their measures, that whatsoever they do shall result in your good, & shall secure to you the peace, friendship, & approbation of all nations. The world at large is concerned in opening our markets to its commerce. The day, the memory, and the purpose seem fitly associated. He then returned to the Presidents House, where according to Foster he was in high spirits as everyone by common accord went to pay him a visit of congratulation. The 8 Mch. Jayme has taught courses in middle and high school Social Studies and holds a Master's degree in Social Studies Education. the address took final form. Second Inaugural Address Washington, DC. public. The Government had ceased to answer the ends for which it was ordained and established. .' 1805]. in short, my friends, among them also is seen the action and counteraction of good sense and of bigotry. the want of it will certainly not lessen with increasing years. now reduced within limits too narrow for the hunter-state, humanity enjoins us to teach them agriculture & the domestic arts; to encourage them to that industry which alone can enable them to maintain their place in existence, & to prepare them in time for that state of society, which to bodily comforts adds the improvement of the mind & morals. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 Yet the interest involved is not wholly our own. Some of you may have even recited them in grade school. Through its grants program, the NHPRC supports a wide range of activities to https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/99-01-02-1302, National Historical Publications and Nor have the material sacrifices of the past year been made without some corresponding benefits. Jefferson Davis' First Inaugural Address Alabama Capitol, Montgomery, February 18, 1861 Gentlemen of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, Friends and Fellow-Citizens: He was well known for his highly disciplined acting preparation, which informed his later works on elocution, speaking, education, and the English language. Transcribed from Dunbar Rowland, ed., Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, Volume 5, pp. Davis_Inauguration-536. Jefferson Davis (pictured here on the eve of the Civil War) delivered his second inaugural address in Richmond, Virginia, on February 22, 1862. . In his address, he did not embrace the North's demands for a reunion of states, which he described as 'neither practicable nor desirable.' American History. It was to be expected when we entered upon this war that it would expose our people to sacrifices and cost them much, both of money and blood. Copyright 2023 Political Rhetoric Archive & Dr. Beth Huber | Powered by Critical Hit Development. In matters of Religion, I have considered that its free exercise is placed by the constitution independant of the powers of the general government. "Second Inaugural Address, 4 March 1805," Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/99-01-02-1302. Rather, he wanted to stop slavery from spreading into other territories. The people of the States now confederated became convinced that the Government of the United States had fallen into the hands of a sectinal majority, who would pervert that most sacred of all trusts to the destruction of the rights which it was pledged to protect. 10:498n). Learn more about Davis' views and how they differed from those expressed by Abraham Lincoln in his public address. How did his views on the topics we just learned about evolve over those four years? Election of 1860 Candidates, Summary & Significance | Who Won the Election of 1860? When a long course of class legislation, directed not to the general welfare, but to the aggrandizement of the Northern section of the Union, culminated in a warfare on the domestic institutions of the Southern Stateswhen the dogmas of a sectional party, substituted for the provisions of the constitutional compact, threatened to destroy the sovereign rights of the States, six of those States, withdrawing from the Union, confederated together to exercise the right and perform the duty of instituting a Government which would better secure the liberties for the preservation of which that Union was established. Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States during the war, stated that the state is the most important entity and that states have the authority to ignore laws that are unconstitutional. Cotton, sugar, rice, tobacco, provisions, timber, and naval stores will furnish attractive exchanges. But the endeavors to enlighten them on the fate which awaits their present course of life, to induce them to exercise their reason, follow its dictates, & change their pursuits with the change of circumstances, have powerful obstacles to encounter. The courts have been open, the judicial functions fully executed, and every right of the peaceful citizen maintained as securely as if a war of invasion had not disturbed the land. Second Inaugural Address by Jefferson Davis (Confederate States of America) Summary In this second Inaugural Address, Davis, now President of the Confederate States, speaks from what is now the Capitol of the Confederate States of America, Richmond Virginia. If so, the document has kinship to his January 1804 notes of conversations with Aaron Burr and Benjamin Hichborn (Vol. Users are not permitted to mount this file on any network server. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. It is not an authoritative final version. I feel like its a lifeline. Our confederate strength will be too great to tempt aggression; and never was there a people whose interests and principles committed them so fully to a peaceful policy as those of the Confederate States. That we are to escape them in future is not to be hoped. The blockade, if effectual and permanent, could only serve to divert our industry from the production of articles for export and employ it in supplying the commodities for domestic use. We have neither asked nor received assistance from any quarter. Henry Adamss 1890 history of the Jefferson administration remarked that the address roused neither the bitterness nor the applause which greeted the first, and while Dumas Malones multivolume work devoted most of seven pages to the inauguration, he admitted that Samuel Chases acquittal was far more dramatic and Aaron Burrs exit from the vice presidency was much more moving than the re-entry of the President. Jon Meacham tackled Jeffersons second inauguration in less than a page. he who has time renders a service to public morals, & public tranquility, in reforming these abuses by the salutary coercions of the law. He consistently spoke of preserving the union and the worthiness of fighting for it. Jefferson Finis Davis (June 3, 1808 - December 6, 1889) was an American military officer, statesman, and leader of the Confederacy during the American Civil War, serving as the President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history, 1861 to 1865. The first year in our history has been the most eventful in the annals of this continent. He described how it is 'the right of the people to alter or abolish' (get rid of) the government at will 'whenever they become destructive of the ends for which they were established.' We too have had our trials and difficulties. In the transaction of your foreign affairs, we have endeavored to cultivate the friendship of all nations, & especially of those with which we have the most important relations. Second Inaugural Address. Davis's inaugural address sought to prove that the formation of the Confederate States of America--and his Presidency over them--was, under the terms of the founding documents of the United States, lawful and even prescribed. A new Government has been established, and its machinery put in operation over an area exceeding seven hundred thousand square miles. In his opinion, the country's power rested in the individual states, and not in a strong central government. 4 Mch. Never has a people evinced a more determined spirit than that now animating men, women, and children in every part of our country. 1805], Reading Copy of Second Inaugural Address, [before 4 Mch. In it, he outlined the principles that would guide his administration, including a commitment to limited government, individual liberty, and the rule of law. We have neither asked nor received assistance from any quarter. In spite of his laborious attempt to discountenance the opposition to philosophy and to make a statement about the opposition press, Jefferson recognized, as he wrote in his Notes on a Draught for a second inaugural Address, that the nature of the occasion requires that detail should be avoided. He used the address to make his case for the performance of his earlier promises and to lay out a foundation for governing performance in a second term (Adams, The Two Duchesses: Georgiana Duchess of Devonshire, Elizabeth Duchess of Devonshire. Lincoln hoped that he could prevent the conflict from escalating by taking a peaceful approach on the divisive issue of slavery. In proof of this, it is to be remembered that, at the first moment of asserting their right to secession, these States proposed a settlement on the basis of the common liability for the obligations of the General Government. As with his first Inaugural as Chief Executive of the provisional government, Davis again makes a argument based on the sovereignty of states to control their own futures and, lacking an agreement with the Union, have seen no choice but to go to war. Success crowned their efforts, and they provided for the posterity a peaceful remedy against future aggression. Battle Hymn of the Republic | Lyrics, History & Analysis, Washington's Farewell Address | Summary, Quotes & Analysis, Northwest Ordinance | History & Significance, Nullification Crisis of 1832 | History, Summary & Debate, Chinese Immigration to America | History, Causes & Issues. Fellow-Citizens: On this the birthday of the man most identified with the establishment of American independence, and beneath the monument erected to commemorate his heroic virtues and those of his compatriots, we have assembled to usher into existence the Permanent Government of the Confederate States. In his second inaugural address, Lincoln said that slavery "was, somehow, the . Students also viewed. The confidence of the most hopeful among us must have been destroyed by the disregard they have recently exhibited for all the time-honored bulwarks of civil and religious liberty. Senator Jefferson Davis took to a podium for his presidential inauguration and gave an impassioned speech about the Constitution. they are combated by the habits of their bodies, prejudices of their minds, ignorance, pride, & the influence of interested & crafty individuals among them, who feel themselves something in the present order of things, and fear to become nothing in any other. The Papers of Jefferson Davis Even with the corrections, Jefferson continued adjusting the address until the eleventh hour, submitting a few changes to Smith after he sent along the full draft (see, The address rapidly circulated through the states after Smiths printing, with many newspapers publishing the speech in full. To save ourselves from a revolution which, in its silent but rapid progress, was about to place us under the despotism of numbers, and to preserve in spirit, as well as in form, a system of government we believed to be peculiarly fitted to our condition, and full of promise for mankind, we determined to make a new association, composed of States homogeneous in interest, in policy, and in feeling. I have no doubt, he wrote, that it was printed long before I left Washington & was brot to Baltimore in the same stage that brought me. The. That we are to escape them in future is not to be hoped. In February of 1861, just two months before the official start of the Civil War, Jefferson Davis delivered his inaugural address to the Confederacy as its new leader. Upon the first call the men flew to arms, and wifes and mothers send their husbands and sons to battle without a murmur of regret. But the picture has its lights as well as its shadows. Creator. This great strife has awakened in the people the highest emotions and qualities of the human soul. Our Confederacy has grown from six to thirteen States; and Maryland, already united to us by hallowed memories and material interests, will, I believe, when able to speak with unstifled voice, connect her destiny with the South. Two of those pieces can be identified and are Documents. these abuses of an institution, so important to freedom and science, are deeply to be regretted, inasmuch as they tend to lessen its usefulness and to sap its safety. 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